The article examines key demographic trends such as urbanization, demographic transition, and Saudization, and their impact on social and economic development of Saudi Arabia. Over the past decade, the Kingdom’s leadership has been implementing large-scale reforms under Vision 2030, aimed at changing the country’s social and economic landscape and reducing its reliance on oil. However, the implementation of these ambitious plans faces a number of challenges related to the economy’s high dependence on the oil and gas sector, a shortage of skilled labour in the country, and high youth unemployment. In addition, there is a significant gender disparity in the labour market.
Saudi Arabia; demography; demographic factor; social and economic development; Saudi Arabia census 2022; Vision 2030; Saudization.