Amid the introduction of Western mechanisms of decarbonization and global energy transition, Kazakhstan faces the greatest risks of all the countries of Central Asia. This article examines the natural, climatic and technological reasons for shifting the Kazakh economy to low-carbon development. It briefly describes the natural and climatic changes in Kazakhstan, Central Asia and the world as a whole. It also provides a critical description of the concept of anthropogenic global warming (AGW). It should be noted that with the increasing climate threats & geopolitical and energy problems, it has moved from the scientific sphere to the sphere of international politics and economics. Launched on its basis, the decarbonization mechanisms can have a serious impact on the economies of developing countries and the world economy as a whole. The article describes the decarbonization mechanisms introduced in the West and developed in some Eastern countries, in particular in China. Among them, special attention is paid to the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), which can have a serious impact on the basic industries of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Examples are given that highlight the republic’s intentions to fully join the global “green” trends in the coming years. It is concluded that Kazakhstan is trying to get out of a difficult situation by integrating into the decarbonization system of the world’s leading economies. Since it is based on the concept of anthropogenic global warming, the Kazakh authorities are forced to foster its individual idealized trends, but are generally guided by economic considerations and the global market situation.
Central Asia; Kazakhstan; climate change; anthropogenic global warming (AGW); natural anomalies; decarbonization; green finance; Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBCR); greenhouse gas; carbon tax; low-carbon economy; renewable energy sources (RES); energy transition.