The countries of the Middle East have not started using digital technologies from scratch; in the 12th century, knowledge of astronomy and mathematics, agronomy and medicine, philosophy, as well as astrology and alchemy came to Western Europe through translations from Arabic. By 2021, many countries of the Middle East had achieved a fairly high level of mobile coverage and Internet connection. The UAE can be considered the leader among the Middle East countries in terms of ICT sector development. The article discusses the expansion of digital services with Turkey as an example, and shows the features of startup development and the use of digital technologies in Turkey.
Middle East countries; history of development of mathematics; digital technologies; Türkiye; startup; digital services.